1 Now the feast of Unleavened Bread drew near, which is called the Passover. 2 And the chief priests and the scribes were seeking how to put him to death; for they feared the people. 3 Then Satan entered into Judas called Iscariot, who was of the number of the twelve; 4 he went away and conferred with the chief priests and officers how he might betray him to them. 5 And they were glad, and engaged to give him money. 6 So he agreed, and sought an opportunity to betray him to them in the absence of the multitude.
22:1 ηγγιζεν δε η εορτη των αζυμων η λεγομενη πασχα 22:2 και εζητουν οι αρχιερεις και οι γραμματεις το πως ανελωσιν αυτον εφοβουντο γαρ τον λαον 22:3 εισηλθεν δε σατανας εις ιουδαν τον επικαλουμενον ισκαριωτην οντα εκ του αριθμου των δωδεκα 22:4 και απελθων συνελαλησεν τοις αρχιερευσιν και στρατηγοις το πως αυτον παραδω αυτοις 22:5 και εχαρησαν και συνεθεντο αυτω αργυριον δουναι 22:6 και εξωμολογησεν και εζητει ευκαιριαν του παραδουναι αυτον αυτοις ατερ οχλου
Geraldine Stahl-Pollat and Bruce Chilton, Bible Review (August 1995), p. 45 f.
Bible Review
Jesus chose not the Passover lamb—that ageless ante-type of himself—but simply the bread of their last meal along with the wine to be the symbol of his sacrifice … not the offering first offered by blessed Abel, but the one offered by cursed Cain!
Response:
The fact that circles in dispute over many matters agreed that the Eucharist represented a meal in which Jesus spoke of wine and bread as blood and flesh shows that Jesus himself was the generative moment of eucharistic practice.
7 Then came the day of Unleavened Bread, on which the passover lamb had to be sacrificed. 8 So Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the passover for us, that we may eat it.” 9 They said to him, “Where will you have us prepare it?” 10 He said to them, “Behold, when you have entered the city, a man carrying a jar of water will meet you; follow him into the house which he enters, 11 and tell the householder, ‘The Teacher says to you, Where is the guest room, where I am to eat the passover with my disciples?’ 12 And he will show you a large upper room furnished; there make ready.” 13 And they went, and found it as he had told them; and they prepared the passover.
22:7 ηλθεν δε η ημερα των αζυμων εν η εδει θυεσθαι το πασχα 22:8 και απεστειλεν πετρον και ιωαννην ειπων πορευθεντες ετοιμασατε ημιν το πασχα ινα φαγωμεν 22:9 οι δε ειπον αυτω που θελεις ετοιμασομεν 22:10 ο δε ειπεν αυτοις ιδου εισελθοντων υμων εις την πολιν συναντησει υμιν ανθρωπος κεραμιον υδατος βασταζων ακολουθησατε αυτω εις την οικιαν ου εισπορευεται 22:11 και ερειτε τω οικοδεσποτη της οικιας λεγει σοι ο διδασκαλος που εστιν το καταλυμα οπου το πασχα μετα των μαθητων μου φαγω 22:12 κακεινος υμιν δειξει ανωγεον μεγα εστρωμενον εκει ετοιμασατε 22:13 απελθοντες δε ευρον καθως ειρηκεν αυτοις και ητοιμασαν το πασχα
J. Barrie Shepherd, “Loaf and Cup,” Seeing with the Soul, p. 160-164
20 Jeremiah 31:31-34
21 Psalm 41:9
14-16 Jacques Prévert, “The Last Supper,” Divine Inspiration, p. 375
14-16 Rainer Maria Rilke, “The Last Supper,” Divine Inspiration, p. 374
15-20 John Dominic Crossan, The Historical Jesus, p. 365 f.
19-20 Anonymous, “For Holy Saturday,” Divine Inspiration, p. 377
19-20 Abioseh Nicol, “African Easter: Easter Eve,” Divine Inspiration, p. 380
19-20 Gérard Félix Tchicaya U Tam’si, “Communion,” Divine Inspiration, p. 379
19 Dan Damon, “This is My Body,” The Sound of Welcome, p. 17
14 And when the hour came, he sat at table, and the apostles with him. 15 And he said to them, “I have earnestly desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer; 16 for I tell you I shall not eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.” 17 And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks he said, “Take this, and divide it among yourselves; 18 for I tell you that from now on I shall not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” 19 And he took bread, and when he had given thanks he broke it and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” 20 And likewise the cup after supper, saying, “This cup which is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood. 21 But behold the hand of him who betrays me is with me on the table. 22 For the Son of man goes as it has been determined; but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed!” 23 And they began to question one another, which of them it was that would do this.
22:14 και οτε εγενετο η ωρα ανεπεσεν και οι δωδεκα αποστολοι συν αυτω 22:15 και ειπεν προς αυτους επιθυμια επεθυμησα τουτο το πασχα φαγειν μεθ υμων προ του με παθειν 22:16 λεγω γαρ υμιν οτι ουκετι ου μη φαγω εξ αυτου εως οτου πληρωθη εν τη βασιλεια του θεου 22:17 και δεξαμενος ποτηριον ευχαριστησας ειπεν λαβετε τουτο και διαμερισατε εαυτοις 22:18 λεγω γαρ υμιν οτι ου μη πιω απο του γενηματος της αμπελου εως οτου η βασιλεια του θεου ελθη 22:19 και λαβων αρτον ευχαριστησας εκλασεν και εδωκεν αυτοις λεγων τουτο εστιν το σωμα μου το υπερ υμων διδομενον τουτο ποιειτε εις την εμην αναμνησιν 22:20 ωσαυτως και το ποτηριον μετα το δειπνησαι λεγων τουτο το ποτηριον η καινη διαθηκη εν τω αιματι μου το υπερ υμων εκχυνομενον 22:21 πλην ιδου η χειρ του παραδιδοντος με μετ εμου επι της τραπεζης 22:22 και ο μεν υιος του ανθρωπου πορευεται κατα το ωρισμενον πλην ουαι τω ανθρωπω εκεινω δι ου παραδιδοται 22:23 και αυτοι ηρξαντο συζητειν προς εαυτους το τις αρα ειη εξ αυτων ο τουτο μελλων πρασσειν
John Howard Yoder, “The Last Renunciation,” The Politics of Jesus, p. 53
24 Matthew 18:1; Mark 9:34; Luke 9:46
25-27 John 13:3-6
25-26 Matthew 20:25-27; Mark 10:42-44
26 Matthew 5:19, 23:11; Mark 9:35
27 John 13:12-15
29 John 20:21; Acts 1:6
30 Matthew 19:28
24-27 Elton Trueblood, The Humor of Christ, p. 87 f.
25-26 C. Norman Kraus, The Community of the Spirit, p. 158 f.
The Community of the Spirit
Paternalistic aid is inherently condescending. It assaults the self-respect of the person it attempts to help. It demands, whether covertly or openly, that the recipient recognize the benefactor’s right to control the use of what has been donated. At the same time it expects recognition of the donor’s goodness and therefore gratitude properly expressed in submission and humility. Such an assumed right is entirely foreign to agape.
24 A dispute also arose among them, which of them was to be regarded as the greatest. 25 And he said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and those in authority over them are called benefactors. 26 But not so with you; rather let the greatest among you become as the youngest, and the leader as one who serves. 27 For which is the greater, one who sits at table, or one who serves? Is it not the one who sits at table? But I am among you as one who serves.
28 “You are those who have continued with me in my trials; 29 and I assign to you, as my Father assigned to me, a kingdom, 30 that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
22:24 εγενετο δε και φιλονεικια εν αυτοις το τις αυτων δοκει ειναι μειζων 22:25 ο δε ειπεν αυτοις οι βασιλεις των εθνων κυριευουσιν αυτων και οι εξουσιαζοντες αυτων ευεργεται καλουνται 22:26 υμεις δε ουχ ουτως αλλ ο μειζων εν υμιν γενεσθω ως ο νεωτερος και ο ηγουμενος ως ο διακονων 22:27 τις γαρ μειζων ο ανακειμενος η ο διακονων ουχι ο ανακειμενος εγω δε ειμι εν μεσω υμων ως ο διακονων
22:28 υμεις δε εστε οι διαμεμενηκοτες μετ εμου εν τοις πειρασμοις μου 22:29 καγω διατιθεμαι υμιν καθως διεθετο μοι ο πατηρ μου βασιλειαν 22:30 ινα εσθιητε και πινητε επι της τραπεζης μου [εν τη βασιλεια μου] και καθισεσθε επι θρονων κρινοντες τας δωδεκα φυλας του ισραηλ
John Howard Yoder, “The Last Renunciation,” The Politics of Jesus, p. 53
31 Mark 8:33
32 John 21:15-17
31-34 H. E. Fosdick, The Meaning of Prayer, p. 208 f.
31 “Simon, Simon, behold, Satan demanded to have you, that he might sift you like wheat, 32 but I have prayed for you that your faith may not fail; and when you have turned again, strengthen your brethren.” 33 And he said to him, “Lord, I am ready to go with you to prison and to death.” 34 He said, “I tell you, Peter, the cock will not crow this day, until you three times deny that you know me.”
22:31 ειπεν δε ο κυριος σιμων σιμων ιδου ο σατανας εξητησατο υμας του σινιασαι ως τον σιτον 22:32 εγω δε εδεηθην περι σου ινα μη εκλιπη η πιστις σου και συ ποτε επιστρεψας στηριξον τους αδελφους σου 22:33 ο δε ειπεν αυτω κυριε μετα σου ετοιμος ειμι και εις φυλακην και εις θανατον πορευεσθαι 22:34 ο δε ειπεν λεγω σοι πετρε ου μη φωνηση σημερον αλεκτωρ πριν η τρις απαρνηση μη ειδεναι με
John Howard Yoder, “The Last Renunciation,” The Politics of Jesus, p. 53
35 Matthew 10:9-10; Mark 6:8-9; Luke 9:3, 10:4
37 Isaiah 53:12
35 And he said to them, “When I sent you out with no purse or bag or sandals, did you lack anything?” They said, “Nothing.” 36 He said to them, “But now, let him who has a purse take it, and likewise a bag. And let him who has no sword sell his mantle and buy one. 37 For I tell you that this scripture must be fulfilled in me, ‘And he was reckoned with transgressors’; for what is written about me has its fulfillment.” 38 And they said, “Look, Lord, here are two swords.” And he said to them, “It is enough.”
22:35 και ειπεν αυτοις οτε απεστειλα υμας ατερ βαλαντιου και πηρας και υποδηματων μη τινος υστερησατε οι δε ειπον ουθενος 22:36 ειπεν ουν αυτοις αλλα νυν ο εχων βαλαντιον αρατω ομοιως και πηραν και ο μη εχων πωλησει το ιματιον αυτου και αγορασει μαχαιραν 22:37 λεγω γαρ υμιν οτι ετι τουτο το γεγραμμενον δει τελεσθηναι εν εμοι το και μετα ανομων ελογισθη και γαρ τα περι εμου τελος εχει 22:38 οι δε ειπον κυριε ιδου μαχαιραι ωδε δυο ο δε ειπεν αυτοις ικανον εστιν
Anna Akhmatova, “And Once More,” Divine Inspiration, p. 405
Dom Helder Camara, Through the Gospel, p. 139
Nils Ferlin, “Gethsemane,” Divine Inspiration, p. 407
Antonio Machado y Ruizo, “Lord, You Have Ripped Away,” Divine Inspiration, p. 406
Donald Senior, Scripture and Prayer, p. 118-123
Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, “Gethsemane,” Divine Inspiration, p. 403
John Howard Yoder, “The Last Renunciation,” The Politics of Jesus, p. 53
40 Matthew 6:13; Luke 11:4
44 Psalm 6:6
42 H. E. Fosdick, The Meaning of Prayer, p. 184 f.
44 Horace Bushnell, “Christ’s Agony, or Moral Suffering,” The Works of Horace Bushnell, l. 3540 ff.
“Christ's Agony, or Moral Suffering”
Thus if we conceive, or dogmatically assume, that Christ is in this hour of distress, because the sin of the world is upon him, to be punitively treated in his person; that God withdraws judicially from him, to make him suffer, and that the “cup” over which he groans is the cup of God’s eternal indignations; may it not be that we ourselves so far violate the subject matter, as to make it an offense to our most inborn convictions of right, and raise up mutinous questions that even forbid the discovery of its meaning to our hearts? (l. 3552-3557)
… firstly the chastity of his pure feeling recoils, with horror, from the hell-gulf of wrong and wild judicial madness into which he is now descending; and secondly the love he has for his enemies brings a burden of concern upon his heart, that oppresses and, for the time, well nigh crushes him. (l. 3685-3687)
As certainly as your Master’s love is in you, his work will be upon you. His objects will be yours, and also his divine burden. (l. 3796-3797)
Out of his agony learn how to bear an enemy; what to do for your enemies and God’s. (l. 3799-3800)
44 John Donne, “Devotions: Upon their Consultation…,” Classics of Western Spirituality, p. 266
39 And he came out, and went, as was his custom, to the Mount of Olives; and the disciples followed him. 40 And when he came to the place he said to them, “Pray that you may not enter into temptation.” 41 And he withdrew from them about a stone’s throw, and knelt down and prayed, 42 “Father, if thou art willing, remove this cup from me; nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done.” 45 And when he rose from prayer, he came to the disciples and found them sleeping for sorrow, 46 and he said to them, “Why do you sleep? Rise and pray that you may not enter into temptation.”
22:39 και εξελθων επορευθη κατα το εθος εις το ορος των ελαιων ηκολουθησαν δε αυτω και οι μαθηται αυτου 22:40 γενομενος δε επι του τοπου ειπεν αυτοις προσευχεσθε μη εισελθειν εις πειρασμον 22:41 και αυτος απεσπασθη απ αυτων ωσει λιθου βολην και θεις τα γονατα προσηυχετο 22:42 λεγων πατερ ει βουλει βτο ποτηριον τουτο απ εμου πλην μη το θελημα μου αλλα το σον γενεσθω 22:43 ωφθη δε αυτω αγγελος απ ουρανου ενισχυων αυτον 22:44 και γενομενος εν αγωνια εκτενεστερον προσηυχετο εγενετο δε ο ιδρως αυτου ωσει θρομβοι αιματος καταβαινοντες επι την γην 22:45 και αναστας απο της προσευχης ελθων προς τους μαθητας ευρεν αυτους κοιμωμενους απο της λυπης 22:46 και ειπεν αυτοις τι καθευδετε ανασταντες προσευχεσθε ινα μη εισελθητε εις πειρασμον
John Howard Yoder, “The Last Renunciation,” The Politics of Jesus, p. 53
53 Luke 19:47, 21:37
48 Malcolm Muggeridge, Jesus: The Man who Lives, p. 166
47 While he was still speaking, there came a crowd, and the man called Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them. He drew near to Jesus to kiss him; 48 but Jesus said to him, “Judas, would you betray the Son of man with a kiss?” 49 And when those who were about him saw what would follow, they said, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?” 50 And one of them struck the slave of the high priest and cut off his right ear. 51 But Jesus said, “No more of this!” And he touched his ear and healed him. 52 Then Jesus said to the chief priests and officers of the temple and elders, who had come out against him, “Have you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs? 53 When I was with you day after day in the temple, you did not lay hands on me. But this is your hour, and the power of darkness.”
22:47 ετι δε αυτου λαλουντος ιδου οχλος και ο λεγομενος ιουδας εις των δωδεκα προηρχετο αυτους και ηγγισεν τω ιησου φιλησαι αυτον 22:48 ο δε ιησους ειπεν αυτω ιουδα φιληματι τον υιον του ανθρωπου παραδιδως 22:49 ιδοντες δε οι περι αυτον το εσομενον ειπον αυτω κυριε ει παταξομεν εν μαχαιρα 22:50 και επαταξεν εις τις εξ αυτων τον δουλον του αρχιερεως και αφειλεν αυτου το ους το δεξιον 22:51 αποκριθεις δε ο ιησους ειπεν εατε εως τουτου και αψαμενος του ωτιου αυτου ιασατο αυτον 22:52 ειπεν δε ο ιησους προς τους παραγενομενους επ αυτον αρχιερεις και στρατηγους του ιερου και πρεσβυτερους ως επι ληστην εξεληλυθατε μετα μαχαιρων και ξυλων 22:53 καθ ημεραν οντος μου μεθ υμων εν τω ιερω ουκ εξετεινατε τας χειρας επ εμε αλλ αυτη υμων εστιν η ωρα και η εξουσια του σκοτους
Ambrose, “Aeterne Rerum Conditor,” Divine Inspiration, p. 418
Charles Baudelaire, “Saint Peter’s Denial,” Divine Inspiration, p. 423
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, “The Meaning of the Look,” Divine Inspiration, p. 422
Thomas Hardy, “In the Servants’ Quarters,” Divine Inspiration, p. 416
Abioseh Nicol, “African Easter: Good Friday,” Divine Inspiration, p. 421
Robert Oberg, “Rooster,” Divine Inspiration, p. 420
54 Then they seized him and led him away, bringing him into the high priest’s house. Peter followed at a distance; 55 and when they had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and sat down together, Peter sat among them. 56 Then a maid, seeing him as he sat in the light and gazing at him, said, “This man also was with him.” 57 But he denied it, saying, “Woman, I do not know him.” 58 And a little later some one else saw him and said, “You also are one of them.” But Peter said, “Man, I am not.” 59 And after an interval of about an hour still another insisted, saying, “Certainly this man also was with him; for he is a Galilean.” 60 But Peter said, “Man, I do not know what you are saying.” And immediately, while he was still speaking, the cock crowed. 61 And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, “Before the cock crows today, you will deny me three times.” 62 And he went out and wept bitterly.
22:54 συλλαβοντες δε αυτον ηγαγον και εισηγαγον αυτον εις τον οικον του αρχιερεως ο δε πετρος ηκολουθει μακροθεν 22:55 αψαντων δε πυρ εν μεσω της αυλης και συγκαθισαντων αυτων εκαθητο ο πετρος εν μεσω αυτων 22:56 ιδουσα δε αυτον παιδισκη τις καθημενον προς το φως και ατενισασα αυτω ειπεν και ουτος συν αυτω ην 22:57 ο δε ηρνησατο αυτον λεγων γυναι ουκ οιδα αυτον 22:58 και μετα βραχυ ετερος ιδων αυτον εφη και συ εξ αυτων ει ο δε πετρος ειπεν ανθρωπε ουκ ειμι 22:59 και διαστασης ωσει ωρας μιας αλλος τις διισχυριζετο λεγων επ αληθειας και ουτος μετ αυτου ην και γαρ γαλιλαιος εστιν 22:60 ειπεν δε ο πετρος ανθρωπε ουκ οιδα ο λεγεις και παραχρημα ετι λαλουντος αυτου εφωνησεν αλεκτωρ 22:61 και στραφεις ο κυριος ενεβλεψεν τω πετρω και υπεμνησθη ο πετρος του λογου του κυριου ως ειπεν αυτω οτι πριν αλεκτορα φωνησαι απαρνηση με τρις 22:62 και εξελθων εξω ο πετρος εκλαυσεν πικρως
63 Now the men who were holding Jesus mocked him and beat him; 64 they also blindfolded him and asked him, “Prophesy! Who is it that struck you?” 65 And they spoke many other words against him, reviling him.
22:63 και οι ανδρες οι συνεχοντες τον ιησουν ενεπαιζον αυτω δεροντες 22:64 και περικαλυψαντες αυτον ετυπτον αυτου το προσωπον και επηρωτων αυτον λεγοντες προφητευσον τις εστιν ο παισας σε 22:65 και ετερα πολλα βλασφημουντες ελεγον εις αυτον
66 When day came, the assembly of the elders of the people gathered together, both chief priests and scribes; and they led him away to their council, and they said, 67 “If you are the Christ, tell us.” But he said to them, “If I tell you, you will not believe; 68 and if I ask you, you will not answer. 69 But from now on the Son of man shall be seated at the right hand of the power of God.” 70 And they all said, “Are you the Son of God, then?” And he said to them, “You say that I am.” 71 And they said, “What further testimony do we need? We have heard it ourselves from his own lips.”
22:66 και ως εγενετο ημερα συνηχθη το πρεσβυτεριον του λαου αρχιερεις και γραμματεις και ανηγαγον αυτον εις το συνεδριον αυτων λεγοντες 22:67 ει συ ει ο χριστος ειπε ημιν ειπεν δε αυτοις εαν υμιν ειπω ου μη πιστευσητε 22:68 εαν δε και ερωτησω ου μη αποκριθητε μοι η απολυσητε 22:69 απο του νυν εσται ο υιος του ανθρωπου καθημενος εκ δεξιων της δυναμεως του θεου 22:70 ειπον δε παντες συ ουν ει ο υιος του θεου ο δε προς αυτους εφη υμεις λεγετε οτι εγω ειμι 22:71 οι δε ειπον τι ετι χρειαν εχομεν μαρτυριας αυτοι γαρ ηκουσαμεν απο του στοματος αυτου