James

By chapter:

General References

John Dominic Crossan and Jonathan L. Reed, Excavating Jesus, p. 43 f.
Scott Russell Sanders, “Amos and James,” Communion, p. 323-342

James 1

1             Matthew 13:55; Mark 6:3; Acts 15:13; Galatians 1:19
2             Romans 5:3-5
6             Ephesians 4:14
9-12       Leviticus 19:12-18; Psalm 103:15-16; Matthew 6:30
10-11      Isaiah 40:6-7
11            Psalm 19:6
12           Matthew 5:10
19           Psalm 103:8
21           John 1:14
24-25    John 1:14
25           Leviticus 25:10

5-8    H. E. Fosdick, The Meaning of Prayer, p. 139 f.
17       Wendell Berry, “The Gift of Gravity,” Collected Poems, p. 257

“The Gift of Gravity”

We are what we are given
and what is taken away;
blessed be the name
of the giver and taker.
For everything that comes is a gift …
always a starting place.
And every gift is perfect
in its beginning for it
is “from above …”
Gravity is grace.

17           Meister Eckhart, “German Sermons,” Preacher and Teacher, p. 247-251
19-27    Hafiz, The Gifrt, p. 281

The Gift

Look what happens when the tongue
Cannot say to kindness,
“I will be your slave.”

19-24    Ivan Steiger, Ivan Steiger Sees the Bible, p. 325
22-25    Imaging the Word, Vol. 3, p. 282
24-25    Wendell Berry, “Standing by Words,” Standing by Words, p. 30

“Standing by Words”

In affirming that there is a necessary and indespensable connection between language and truth, and therefore between language an deeds, I have certain precedents in mind. I begin with the Christian idea of the Incarnate Word, the Word entering the world as flesh, and inevitably therefore as action—which leads logically enough to the insistence in the Epistle of James that faith without works is dead:

For if any be a hearer of the word, and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a glass: For he beholdeth himself, and goeth his way, and straightway forgetteth what manner of man he was.

25         R. H. Blyth, Haiku, Vol. 1, p. 92

Haiku

Again we have in this handwriting a perfect example of the “law” of “liberty”. The form of the characters is absolutely fixed; yet the writer is absolutely free.

1 James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ,

To the twelve tribes in the Dispersion:

Greeting.

2 Count it all joy, my brethren, when you meet various trials, 3 for you know that the testing of your faith produces steadfastness.  4 And let steadfastness have its full effect, that you may be perfect and complete, lacking in nothing.

5 If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives to all men generously and without reproaching, and it will be given him.  6 But let him ask in faith, with no doubting, for he who doubts is like a wave of the sea that is driven and tossed by the wind.  7,8 For that person must not suppose that a double-minded man, unstable in all his ways, will receive anything from the Lord.

9 Let the lowly brother boast in his exaltation, 10 and the rich in his humiliation, because like the flower of the grass he will pass away.  11 For the sun rises with its scorching heat and withers the grass; its flower falls, and its beauty perishes. So will the rich man fade away in the midst of his pursuits.

12 Blessed is the man who endures trial, for when he has stood the test he will receive the crown of life which God has promised to those who love him.  13 Let no one say when he is tempted, “I am tempted by God”; for God cannot be tempted with evil and he himself tempts no one; 14 but each person is tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own desire.  15 Then desire when it has conceived gives birth to sin; and sin when it is full-grown brings forth death.

16 Do not be deceived, my beloved brethren.  17 Every good endowment and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights with whom there is no variation or shadow due to change.

18 Of his own will he brought us forth by the word of truth that we should be a kind of first fruits of his creatures.

19 Know this, my beloved brethren. Let every man be quick to hear, slow to speak, slow to anger, 20 for the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God.  21 Therefore put away all filthiness and rank growth of wickedness and receive with meekness the implanted word, which is able to save your souls.

22 But be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves.  23 For if any one is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man who observes his natural face in a mirror; 24 for he observes himself and goes away and at once forgets what he was like.25 But he who looks into the perfect law, the law of liberty, and perseveres, being no hearer that forgets but a doer that acts, he shall be blessed in   his doing.

26 If any one thinks he is religious, and does not bridle his tongue but deceives his heart, this man’s religion is vain. 27 Religion that is pure and undefiled before God and the Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their affliction, and to keep oneself unstained from the world.

1:1 ιακωβος θεου και κυριου ιησου χριστου δουλος

ταις δωδεκα φυλαις ταις εν τη διασπορα

χαιρειν

1:2 πασαν χαραν ηγησασθε αδελφοι μου οταν πειρασμοις περιπεσητε ποικιλοις 1:3 γινωσκοντες οτι το δοκιμιον υμων της πιστεως κατεργαζεται υπομονην 1:4 η δε υπομονη εργον τελειον εχετω ινα ητε τελειοι και ολοκληροι εν μηδενι λειπομενοι

1:5 ει δε τις υμων λειπεται σοφιας αιτειτω παρα του διδοντος θεου πασιν απλως και ουκ ονειδιζοντος και δοθησεται αυτω 1:6 αιτειτω δε εν πιστει μηδεν διακρινομενος ο γαρ διακρινομενος εοικεν κλυδωνι θαλασσης ανεμιζομενω και ριπιζομενω 1:7 μη γαρ οιεσθω ο ανθρωπος εκεινος οτι ληψεται τι παρα του κυριου 1:8 ανηρ διψυχος ακαταστατος εν πασαις ταις οδοις αυτου

1:9 καυχασθω δε ο αδελφος ο ταπεινος εν τω υψει αυτου 1:10 ο δε πλουσιος εν τη ταπεινωσει αυτου οτι ως ανθος χορτου παρελευσεται 1:11 ανετειλεν γαρ ο ηλιος συν τω καυσωνι και εξηρανεν τον χορτον και το ανθος αυτου εξεπεσεν και η ευπρεπεια του προσωπου αυτου απωλετο ουτως και ο πλουσιος εν ταις πορειαις αυτου μαρανθησεται

1:12 μακαριος ανηρ ος υπομενει πειρασμον οτι δοκιμος γενομενος ληψεται τον στεφανον της ζωης ον επηγγειλατο ο κυριος τοις αγαπωσιν αυτον 1:13 μηδεις πειραζομενος λεγετω οτι απο θεου πειραζομαι ο γαρ θεος απειραστος εστιν κακων πειραζει δε αυτος ουδενα 1:14 εκαστος δε πειραζεται υπο της ιδιας επιθυμιας εξελκομενος και δελεαζομενος 1:15 ειτα η επιθυμια συλλαβουσα τικτει αμαρτιαν η δε αμαρτια αποτελεσθεισα αποκυει θανατον

1:16 μη πλανασθε αδελφοι μου αγαπητοι 1:17 πασα δοσις αγαθη και παν δωρημα τελειον ανωθεν εστιν καταβαινον απο του πατρος των φωτων παρ ω ουκ ενι παραλλαγη η τροπης αποσκιασμα 1:18 βουληθεις απεκυησεν ημας λογω αληθειας εις το ειναι ημας απαρχην τινα των αυτου κτισματων

1:19 ωστε αδελφοι μου αγαπητοι εστω πας ανθρωπος ταχυς εις το ακουσαι βραδυς εις το λαλησαι βραδυς εις οργην 1:20 οργη γαρ ανδρος δικαιοσυνην θεου ου κατεργαζεται 1:21 διο αποθεμενοι πασαν ρυπαριαν και περισσειαν κακιας εν πραυτητι δεξασθε τον εμφυτον λογον τον δυναμενον σωσαι τας ψυχας υμων

1:22 γινεσθε δε ποιηται λογου και μη μονον ακροαται παραλογιζομενοι εαυτους 1:23 οτι ει τις ακροατης λογου εστιν και ου ποιητης ουτος εοικεν ανδρι κατανοουντι το προσωπον της γενεσεως αυτου εν εσοπτρω 1:24 κατενοησεν γαρ εαυτον και απεληλυθεν και ευθεως επελαθετο οποιος ην 1:25 ο δε παρακυψας εις νομον τελειον τον της ελευθεριας και παραμεινας ουτος ουκ ακροατης επιλησμονης γενομενος αλλα ποιητης εργου ουτος μακαριος εν τη ποιησει αυτου εσται

1:26 ει τις δοκει θρησκος ειναι εν υμιν μη χαλιναγωγων γλωσσαν αυτου αλλα απατων καρδιαν αυτου τουτου ματαιος η θρησκεια 1:27 θρησκεια καθαρα και αμιαντος παρα θεω και πατρι αυτη εστιν επισκεπτεσθαι ορφανους και χηρας

James 2

James 2 by verse:

James 2:1-13

1-5    Ivan Steiger, Ivan Steiger Sees the Bible, p. 326
5       John Dominic Crossan, “Blessed the Poor,” The Historical Jesus, p. 266-269
10     Ivan Steiger, Ivan Steiger Sees the Bible, p. 327
12      Wendell Berry, “1991 – IX [The Farm],” A Timbered Choir, p. 139

“1991 – IX [The Farm]”

Never buy at a store
What you can grow or find
At home – this is the rule
Of liberty, also
Of neighborhood. …

1 My brethren, show no partiality as you hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory.  2 For if a man with gold rings and in fine clothing comes into your assembly, and a poor man in shabby clothing also comes in, 3 and you pay attention to the one who wears the fine clothing and say, “Have a seat here, please,” while you say to the poor man, “Stand there,” or, “Sit at my feet,” 4 have you not made distinctions among yourselves, and become judges with evil thoughts?  5 Listen, my beloved brethren. Has not God chosen those who are poor in the world to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom which he has promised to those who love him?  6 But you have dishonored the poor man. Is it not the rich who oppress you, is it not they who drag you into court?  7 Is it not they who blaspheme that honorable name which was invoked over you?

8 If you really fulfil the royal law, according to the scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you do well.  9 But if you show partiality, you commit sin, and are convicted by the law as transgressors.  10 For whoever keeps the whole law but fails in one point has become guilty of all of it.  11 For he who said, “Do not commit adultery,” said also, “Do not kill.” If you do not commit adultery but do kill, you have become a transgressor of the law.  12 So speak and so act as those who are to be judged under the law of liberty.  13 For judgment is without mercy to one who has shown no mercy; yet mercy triumphs over judgment.

2:1 αδελφοι μου μη εν προσωποληψιαις εχετε την πιστιν του κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου της δοξης 2:2 εαν γαρ εισελθη εις την συναγωγην υμων ανηρ χρυσοδακτυλιος εν εσθητι λαμπρα εισελθη δε και πτωχος εν ρυπαρα εσθητι 2:3 και επιβλεψητε επι τον φορουντα την εσθητα την λαμπραν και ειπητε αυτω συ καθου ωδε καλως και τω πτωχω ειπητε συ στηθι εκει η καθου ωδε υπο το υποποδιον μου 2:4 και ου διεκριθητε εν εαυτοις και εγενεσθε κριται διαλογισμων πονηρων 2:5 ακουσατε αδελφοι μου αγαπητοι ουχ ο θεος εξελεξατο τους πτωχους του κοσμου πλουσιους εν πιστει και κληρονομους της βασιλειας ης επηγγειλατο τοις αγαπωσιν αυτον 2:6 υμεις δε ητιμασατε τον πτωχον ουχ οι πλουσιοι καταδυναστευουσιν υμων και αυτοι ελκουσιν υμας εις κριτηρια 2:7 ουκ αυτοι βλασφημουσιν το καλον ονομα το επικληθεν εφ υμας

2:8 ει μεντοι νομον τελειτε βασιλικον κατα την γραφην αγαπησεις τον πλησιον σου ως σεαυτον καλως ποιειτε 2:9 ει δε προσωποληπτειτε αμαρτιαν εργαζεσθε ελεγχομενοι υπο του νομου ως παραβαται 2:10 οστις γαρ ολον τον νομον τηρησει πταισει δε εν ενι γεγονεν παντων ενοχος 2:11 ο γαρ ειπων μη μοιχευσεις ειπεν και μη φονευσεις ει δε ου μοιχευσεις φονευσεις δε γεγονας παραβατης νομου 2:12 ουτως λαλειτε και ουτως ποιειτε ως δια νομου ελευθεριας μελλοντες κρινεσθαι 2:13 η γαρ κρισις ανελεος τω μη ποιησαντι ελεος κατακαυχαται ελεον κρισεως

James 2:14-26

15-16     1 John 3:17-18
21          Genesis 22:1-14; 1 Maccabees 2:52
23          Genesis 15:6; 2 Chronicles 20:7; Isaiah 41:8
25          Joshua 2:1-21

14-17    Cheney, The New Yorker

The New Yorker

23        H. E. Fosdick, The Meaning of Prayer, p. 74 f.

14 What does it profit, my brethren, if a man says he has faith but has not works? Can his faith save him?  15 If a brother or sister is ill-clad and in lack of daily food, 16 and one of you says to them, “Go in peace, be warmed and filled,” without giving them the things needed for the body, what does it profit?  17 So faith by itself, if it has no works, is dead.

18 But some one will say, “You have faith and I have works.” Show me your faith apart from your works, and I by my works will show you my faith.  19 You believe that God is one; you do well. Even the demons believe — and shudder.  20 Do you want to be shown, you shallow man, that faith apart from works is barren?  21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he offered his son Isaac upon the altar? 22 You see that faith was active along with his works, and faith was completed by works, 23 and the scripture was fulfilled which says, “Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness”; and he was called the friend of God.  24 You see that a man is justified by works and not by faith alone.  25 And in the same way was not also Rahab the harlot justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out another way?  26 For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, so faith apart from works is dead.

2:14 τι το οφελος αδελφοι μου εαν πιστιν λεγη τις εχειν εργα δε μη εχη μη δυναται η πιστις σωσαι αυτον 2:15 εαν δε αδελφος η αδελφη γυμνοι υπαρχωσιν και λειπομενοι ωσιν της εφημερου τροφης 2:16 ειπη δε τις αυτοις εξ υμων υπαγετε εν ειρηνη θερμαινεσθε και χορταζεσθε μη δωτε δε αυτοις τα επιτηδεια του σωματος τι το οφελος 2:17 ουτως και η πιστις εαν μη εργα εχη νεκρα εστιν καθ εαυτην

2:18 αλλ ερει τις συ πιστιν εχεις καγω εργα εχω δειξον μοι την πιστιν σου βτων εργων σου καγω δειξω σοι εκ των εργων μου την πιστιν μου 2:19 συ πιστευεις οτι ο θεος εις εστιν καλως ποιεις και τα δαιμονια πιστευουσιν και φρισσουσιν 2:20 θελεις δε γνωναι ω ανθρωπε κενε οτι η πιστις χωρις των εργων νεκρα εστιν 2:21 αβρααμ ο πατηρ ημων ουκ εξ εργων εδικαιωθη ανενεγκας ισαακ τον υιον αυτου επι το θυσιαστηριον 2:22 βλεπεις οτι η πιστις συνηργει τοις εργοις αυτου και εκ των εργων η πιστις ετελειωθη 2:23 και επληρωθη η γραφη η λεγουσα επιστευσεν δε αβρααμ τω θεω και ελογισθη αυτω εις δικαιοσυνην και φιλος θεου εκληθη 2:24 ορατε τοινυν οτι εξ εργων δικαιουται ανθρωπος και ουκ εκ πιστεως μονον 2:25 ομοιως δε και ρααβ η πορνη ουκ εξ εργων εδικαιωθη υποδεξαμενη τους αγγελους και ετερα οδω εκβαλουσα 2:26 ωσπερ γαρ το σωμα χωρις πνευματος νεκρον εστιν ουτως και η πιστις χωρις των εργων νεκρα εστιν

James 3

1           Matthew 5:19-20
6-12    Psalm 52:2-4
9          Genesis 1:26
12        Matthew 7:16
18        Isaiah 32:15-20

1      Ivan Steiger, Ivan Steiger Sees the Bible, p. 328
15    Shepherd of Hermas, The Holy Spirit, p. 24 f.

Shepherd of Hermas

it has the power of deity in itself to say all things, because it is from above, from the power of the divine Spirit. … By his life you test the person that has the divine Spirit. First then, the one who has the spirit from above is gentle and quiet and humble and refrains from all evil and worthless desires of this age and makes himself more needy than all others and when asked, given no answer to anyone.

1 Let not many of you become teachers, my brethren, for you know that we who teach shall be judged with greater strictness.  2 For we all make many mistakes, and if any one makes no mistakes in what he says he is a perfect man, able to bridle the whole body also.  3 If we put bits into the mouths of horses that they may obey us, we guide their whole bodies.  4 Look at the ships also; though they are so great and are driven by strong winds, they are guided by a very small rudder wherever the will of the pilot directs.  5 So the tongue is a little member and boasts of great things.

How great a forest is set ablaze by a small fire!  6 And the tongue is a fire. The tongue is an unrighteous world among our members, staining the whole body, setting on fire the cycle of nature, and set on fire by hell.  7 For every kind of beast and bird, of reptile and sea creature, can be tamed and has been tamed by humankind, 8 but no human being can tame the tongue — a restless evil, full of deadly poison.  9 With it we bless the Lord and Father, and with it we curse men, who are made in the likeness of God.  10 From the same mouth come blessing and cursing. My brethren, this ought not to be so.  11 Does a spring pour forth from the same opening fresh water and brackish?  12 Can a fig tree, my brethren, yield olives, or a grapevine figs? No more can salt water yield fresh.

13 Who is wise and understanding among you? By his good life let him show his works in the meekness of wisdom.  14 But if you have bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your hearts, do not boast and be false to the truth.  15 This wisdom is not such as comes down from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, devilish.  16 For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there will be disorder and every vile practice. 17 But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, open to reason, full of mercy and good fruits, without uncertainty or insincerity.  18 And the harvest of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace.

3:1 μη πολλοι διδασκαλοι γινεσθε αδελφοι μου ειδοτες οτι μειζον κριμα ληψομεθα 3:2 πολλα γαρ πταιομεν απαντες ει τις εν λογω ου πταιει ουτος τελειος ανηρ δυνατος χαλιναγωγησαι και ολον το σωμα 3:3 ιδε των ιππων τους χαλινους εις τα στοματα βαλλομεν προς το πειθεσθαι αυτους ημιν και ολον το σωμα αυτων μεταγομεν 3:4 ιδου και τα πλοια τηλικαυτα οντα και υπο σκληρων ανεμων ελαυνομενα μεταγεται υπο ελαχιστου πηδαλιου οπου αν η ορμη του ευθυνοντος βουληται 3:5 ουτως και η γλωσσα μικρον μελος εστιν και μεγαλαυχει

ιδου ολιγον πυρ ηλικην υλην αναπτει 3:6 και η γλωσσα πυρ ο κοσμος της αδικιας ουτως η γλωσσα καθισταται εν τοις μελεσιν ημων η σπιλουσα ολον το σωμα και φλογιζουσα τον τροχον της γενεσεως και φλογιζομενη υπο της γεεννης 3:7 πασα γαρ φυσις θηριων τε και πετεινων ερπετων τε και εναλιων δαμαζεται και δεδαμασται τη φυσει τη ανθρωπινη 3:8 την δε γλωσσαν ουδεις δυναται ανθρωπων δαμασαι ακατασχετον κακον μεστη ιου θανατηφορου 3:9 εν αυτη ευλογουμεν τον θεον και πατερα και εν αυτη καταρωμεθα τους ανθρωπους τους καθ ομοιωσιν θεου γεγονοτας 3:10 εκ του αυτου στοματος εξερχεται ευλογια και καταρα ου χρη αδελφοι μου ταυτα ουτως γινεσθαι 3:11 μητι η πηγη εκ της αυτης οπης βρυει το γλυκυ και το πικρον 3:12 μη δυναται αδελφοι μου συκη ελαιας ποιησαι η αμπελος συκα ουτως ουδεμια πηγη αλυκον και γλυκυ ποιησαι υδωρ

3:13 τις σοφος και επιστημων εν υμιν δειξατω εκ της καλης αναστροφης τα εργα αυτου εν πραυτητι σοφιας 3:14 ει δε ζηλον πικρον εχετε και εριθειαν εν τη καρδια υμων μη κατακαυχασθε και ψευδεσθε κατα της αληθειας 3:15 ουκ εστιν αυτη η σοφια ανωθεν κατερχομενη αλλ επιγειος ψυχικη δαιμονιωδης 3:16 οπου γαρ ζηλος και εριθεια εκει ακαταστασια και παν φαυλον πραγμα 3:17 η δε ανωθεν σοφια πρωτον μεν αγνη εστιν επειτα ειρηνικη επιεικης ευπειθης μεστη ελεους και καρπων αγαθων αδιακριτος και ανυποκριτος 3:18 καρπος δε της δικαιοσυνης εν ειρηνη σπειρεται τοις ποιουσιν ειρηνην

James 4

6           Proverbs 3:34
11          Matthew 5:22, 22:39-40
13-15    Matthew 6:34
13-14    Proverbs 27:1; Isaiah 56:12
14          Matthew 6:30

17    Ivan Steiger, Ivan Steiger Sees the Bible, p. 329

1 What causes wars, and what causes fightings among you? Is it not your passions that are at war in your members?  2 You desire and do not have; so you kill. And you covet and cannot obtain; so you fight and wage war. You do not have, because you do not ask.  3 You ask and do not receive, because you ask wrongly, to spend it on your passions.  4 Unfaithful creatures! Do you not know that friendship with the world is enmity with God? Therefore whoever wishes to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God.  5 Or do you suppose it is in vain that the scripture says, “He yearns jealously over the spirit which he has made to dwell in us”?  6 But he gives more grace; therefore it says, “God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.”  7 Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil and he will flee from you.  8 Draw near to God and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you men of double mind.  9 Be wretched and mourn and weep. Let your laughter be turned to mourning and your joy to dejection.  10 Humble yourselves before the Lord and he will exalt you.

11 Do not speak evil against one another, brethren. He that speaks evil against a brother or judges his brother, speaks evil against the law and judges the law. But if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law but a judge.  12 There is one lawgiver and judge, he who is able to save and to destroy. But who are you that you judge your neighbor?

13 Come now, you who say, “Today or tomorrow we will go into such and such a town and spend a year there and trade and get gain”; 14 whereas you do not know about tomorrow. What is your life? For you are a mist that appears for a little time and then vanishes.  15 Instead you ought to say, “If the Lord wills, we shall live and we shall do this or that.”  16 As it is, you boast in your arrogance. All such boasting is evil.  17 Whoever knows what is right to do and fails to do it, for him it is sin.

4:1 ποθεν πολεμοι και μαχαι εν υμιν ουκ εντευθεν εκ των ηδονων υμων των στρατευομενων εν τοις μελεσιν υμων 4:2 επιθυμειτε και ουκ εχετε φονευετε και ζηλουτε και ου δυνασθε επιτυχειν μαχεσθε και πολεμειτε ουκ εχετε δια το μη αιτεισθαι υμας 4:3 αιτειτε και ου λαμβανετε διοτι κακως αιτεισθε ινα εν ταις ηδοναις υμων δαπανησητε 4:4 μοιχοι και μοιχαλιδες ουκ οιδατε οτι η φιλια του κοσμου εχθρα του θεου εστιν ος αν ουν βουληθη φιλος ειναι του κοσμου εχθρος του θεου καθισταται 4:5 η δοκειτε οτι κενως η γραφη λεγει προς φθονον επιποθει το πνευμα ο κατωκησεν εν ημιν 4:6 μειζονα δε διδωσιν χαριν διο λεγει ο θεος υπερηφανοις αντιτασσεται ταπεινοις δε διδωσιν χαριν 4:7 υποταγητε ουν τω θεω αντιστητε [δε] τω διαβολω και φευξεται αφ υμων 4:8 εγγισατε τω θεω και εγγιει υμιν καθαρισατε χειρας αμαρτωλοι και αγνισατε καρδιας διψυχοι 4:9 ταλαιπωρησατε και πενθησατε και κλαυσατε ο γελως υμων εις πενθος μεταστραφητω και η χαρα εις κατηφειαν 4:10 ταπεινωθητε ενωπιον του κυριου και υψωσει υμας

4:11 μη καταλαλειτε αλληλων αδελφοι ο καταλαλων αδελφου και κρινων τον αδελφον αυτου καταλαλει νομου και κρινει νομον ει δε νομον κρινεις ουκ ει ποιητης νομου αλλα κριτης 4:12 εις εστιν ο νομοθετης ο δυναμενος σωσαι και απολεσαι συ δε τις ει ος κρινεις τον ετερον

4:13 αγε νυν οι λεγοντες σημερον βαυριον βεις τηνδε την πολιν και βεκει ενιαυτον ενα και βκαι β 4:14 οιτινες ουκ επιστασθε το της αυριον ποια γαρ η ζωη υμων ατμις γαρ εσται η προς ολιγον φαινομενη επειτα δε και αφανιζομενη 4:15 αντι του λεγειν υμας εαν ο κυριος θεληση και βκαι βτουτο η εκεινο 4:16 νυν δε καυχασθε εν ταις αλαζονειαις υμων πασα καυχησις τοιαυτη πονηρα εστιν 4:17 ειδοτι ουν καλον ποιειν και μη ποιουντι αμαρτια αυτω εστιν

James 5

1-3           Matthew 6:19-21; Luke 12:19-20
4              Deuteronomy 24:14-15
7-8          Mark 4:26-29
9              Matthew 7:1-2, 7:7-8; Revelation 3:19-20
10-11      Matthew 5:11-12
11             Psalm 103:8
12            Matthew 5:33-37
14-16      Isaiah 33:24; Mark 2:1-12; John 9:1-3
19-20     Matthew 18:15; Galatians 6:1-4
20           Proverbs 10:2, 10:12; 1 Peter 4:8

1-6        Walter J. Burghardt, S.J., “Cut It Off?,” Lovely in Eyes Not His, p. 98-103
13-16    H. E. Fosdick, The Meaning of Prayer, p. 183 f.
17          Blaise Pascal, “# 867,” Pensées, p. 260

“# 867”

St. James says to disabuse Christians of the false idea which makes us reject the example of the saints as disproportionate to our state.

19-20    William Stafford, “Bowing,” A Scripture of Leaves, p. 18

“Bowing”

Before our time, before years that said no,
when anyone passed a church and reverently
bowed, a soul somewhere might go
to Heaven, just because of that bow.
And they all felt sad if a rooster crowed,
for something it reminded them of, a story
strong as the cables that hold up the world.
Nobody bows now if a rooster crows.

But maybe something you do, unknowing
or quick to react, without thought of gain
or loss—maybe that act goes on
over mountains or oceans and finds the same
salvation for you that bowing does.
It is larger now, the church is, and the life
we are in. In it we bow to everything.

1 Come now, you rich, weep and howl for the miseries that are coming upon you.  2 Your riches have rotted and your garments are moth-eaten.  3 Your gold and silver have rusted, and their rust will be evidence against you and will eat your flesh like fire. You have laid up treasure for the last days.  4 Behold, the wages of the laborers who mowed your fields, which you kept back by fraud, cry out; and the cries of the harvesters have reached the ears of the Lord of hosts.  5 You have lived on the earth in luxury and in pleasure; you have fattened your hearts in a day of slaughter.  6 You have condemned, you have killed the righteous man; he does not resist you.

7 Be patient, therefore, brethren, until the coming of the Lord. Behold, the farmer waits for the precious fruit of the earth, being patient over it until it receives the early and the late rain.  8 You also be patient. Establish your hearts, for the coming of the Lord is at hand.  9 Do not grumble, brethren, against one another, that you may not be judged; behold, the Judge is standing at the doors.  10 As an example of suffering and patience, brethren, take the prophets who spoke in the name of the Lord.  11 Behold, we call those happy who were steadfast. You have heard of the steadfastness of Job, and you have seen the purpose of the Lord, how the Lord is compassionate and merciful.

12 But above all, my brethren, do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or with any other oath, but let your yes be yes and your no be no, that you may not fall under condemnation.

13 Is any one among you suffering? Let him pray. Is any cheerful? Let him sing praise.  14 Is any among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord; 15 and the prayer of faith will save the sick man, and the Lord will raise him up; and if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven.  16 Therefore confess your sins to one another, and pray for one another, that you may be healed. The prayer of a righteous man has great power in its effects.  17 Elijah was a man of like nature with ourselves and he prayed fervently that it might not rain, and for three years and six months it did not rain on the earth.  18 Then he prayed again and the heaven gave rain, and the earth brought forth its fruit.

19 My brethren, if any one among you wanders from the truth and some one brings him back, 20 let him know that whoever brings back a sinner from the error of his way will save his soul from death and will cover a multitude of sins.

5:1 αγε νυν οι πλουσιοι κλαυσατε ολολυζοντες επι ταις ταλαιπωριαις υμων ταις επερχομεναις 5:2 ο πλουτος υμων σεσηπεν και τα ιματια υμων σητοβρωτα γεγονεν 5:3 ο χρυσος υμων και ο αργυρος κατιωται και ο ιος αυτων εις μαρτυριον υμιν εσται και φαγεται τας σαρκας υμων ως πυρ εθησαυρισατε εν εσχαταις ημεραις 5:4 ιδου ο μισθος των εργατων των αμησαντων τας χωρας υμων ο απεστερημενος αφ υμων κραζει και αι βοαι των θερισαντων εις τα ωτα κυριου σαβαωθ εισεληλυθασιν 5:5 ετρυφησατε επι της γης και εσπαταλησατε εθρεψατε τας καρδιας υμων ως εν ημερα σφαγης 5:6 κατεδικασατε εφονευσατε τον δικαιον ουκ αντιτασσεται υμιν

5:7 μακροθυμησατε ουν αδελφοι εως της παρουσιας του κυριου ιδου ο γεωργος εκδεχεται τον τιμιον καρπον της γης μακροθυμων επ αυτον εως λαβη υετον πρωιμον και οψιμον 5:8 μακροθυμησατε και υμεις στηριξατε τας καρδιας υμων οτι η παρουσια του κυριου ηγγικεν 5:9 μη στεναζετε κατ αλληλων αδελφοι ινα μη κριθητε ιδου αβκριτης προ των θυρων εστηκεν 5:10 υποδειγμα λαβετε αδελφοι μου της κακοπαθειας και της μακροθυμιας τους προφητας οι ελαλησαν τω ονοματι κυριου 5:11 ιδου μακαριζομεν τους υπομενοντας την υπομονην ιωβ ηκουσατε και το τελος κυριου ιδετε οτι πολυσπλαγχνος εστιν και οικτιρμων

5:12 προ παντων δε αδελφοι μου μη ομνυετε μητε τον ουρανον μητε την γην μητε αλλον τινα ορκον ητω δε υμων το ναι ναι και το ου ου ινα μη ββπεσητε

5:13 κακοπαθει τις εν υμιν προσευχεσθω ευθυμει τις ψαλλετω 5:14 ασθενει τις εν υμιν προσκαλεσασθω τους πρεσβυτερους της εκκλησιας και προσευξασθωσαν επ αυτον αλειψαντες αυτον ελαιω εν τω ονοματι του κυριου 5:15 και η ευχη της πιστεως σωσει τον καμνοντα και εγερει αυτον ο κυριος καν αμαρτιας η πεποιηκως αφεθησεται αυτω 5:16 εξομολογεισθε αλληλοις τα παραπτωματα και ευχεσθε υπερ αλληλων οπως ιαθητε πολυ ισχυει δεησις δικαιου ενεργουμενη 5:17 ηλιας ανθρωπος ην ομοιοπαθης ημιν και προσευχη προσηυξατο του μη βρεξαι και ουκ εβρεξεν επι της γης ενιαυτους τρεις και μηνας εξ 5:18 και παλιν προσηυξατο και ο ουρανος υετον εδωκεν και η γη εβλαστησεν τον καρπον αυτης

5:19 αδελφοι εαν τις εν υμιν πλανηθη απο της αληθειας και επιστρεψη τις αυτον 5:20 γινωσκετω οτι ο επιστρεψας αμαρτωλον εκ πλανης οδου αυτου σωσει ψυχην εκ θανατου και καλυψει πληθος αμαρτιων