1 In the meantime, when so many thousands of the multitude had gathered together that they trod upon one another, he began to say to his disciples first, “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. 2 Nothing is covered up that will not be revealed, or hidden that will not be known. 3 Therefore whatever you have said in the dark shall be heard in the light, and what you have whispered in private rooms shall be proclaimed upon the housetops.
12:1 εν οις επισυναχθεισων των μυριαδων του οχλου ωστε καταπατειν αλληλους ηρξατο λεγειν προς τους μαθητας αυτου πρωτον προσεχετε εαυτοις απο της ζυμης των φαρισαιων ητις εστιν υποκρισις 12:2 ουδεν δε συγκεκαλυμμενον εστιν ο ουκ αποκαλυφθησεται και κρυπτον ο ου γνωσθησεται 12:3 ανθ ων οσα εν τη σκοτια ειπατε εν τω φωτι ακουσθησεται και ο προς το ους ελαλησατε εν τοις ταμειοις κηρυχθησεται επι των δωματων
5-6 Luke 10:20
7 Psalm 84:3
4 “I tell you, my friends, do not fear those who kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do. 5 But I will warn you whom to fear: fear him who, after he has killed, has power to cast into hell; yes, I tell you, fear him! 6 Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? And not one of them is forgotten before God. 7 Why, even the hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not; you are of more value than many sparrows.
12:4 λεγω δε υμιν τοις φιλοις μου μη φοβηθητε απο των αποκτενοντων το σωμα και μετα ταυτα μη εχοντων περισσοτερον τι ποιησαι 12:5 υποδειξω δε υμιν τινα φοβηθητε φοβηθητε τον μετα το αποκτειναι εξουσιαν εχοντα εμβαλειν εις την γεενναν ναι λεγω υμιν τουτον φοβηθητε 12:6 ουχι πεντε στρουθια πωλειται ασσαριων δυο και εν εξ αυτων ουκ εστιν επιλελησμενον ενωπιον του θεου 12:7 αλλα και αι τριχες της κεφαλης υμων πασαι ηριθμηνται μη ουν φοβεισθε πολλων στρουθιων διαφερετε
10 Mark 3:29
11-12 Mark 13:11; Luke 21:14-15
10 John Dominic Crossan, “All Sins Forgiven,” The Historical Jesus, p. 257-259
8 “And I tell you, every one who acknowledges me before men, the Son of man also will acknowledge before the angels of God; 9 but he who denies me before men will be denied before the angels of God. 10 And every one who speaks a word against the Son of man will be forgiven; but he who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven. 11 And when they bring you before the synagogues and the rulers and the authorities, do not be anxious how or what you are to answer or what you are to say; 12 for the Holy Spirit will teach you in that very hour what you ought to say.”
12:8 λεγω δε υμιν πας ος αν ομολογηση εν εμοι εμπροσθεν των ανθρωπων και ο υιος του ανθρωπου ομολογησει εν αυτω εμπροσθεν των αγγελων του θεου 12:9 ο δε αρνησαμενος με ενωπιον των ανθρωπων απαρνηθησεται ενωπιον των αγγελων του θεου 12:10 και πας ος ερει λογον εις τον υιον του ανθρωπου αφεθησεται αυτω τω δε εις το αγιον πνευμα βλασφημησαντι ουκ αφεθησεται 12:11 οταν δε προσφερωσιν υμας επι τας συναγωγας και τας αρχας και τας εξουσιας μη μεριμνατε πως η τι απολογησησθε η τι ειπητε 12:12 το γαρ αγιον πνευμα διδαξει υμας εν αυτη τη ωρα α δει ειπειν
George A. Buttrick, “Life—and `Much Goods’,” The Parables of Jesus, p. 126-135
John Dominic Crossan, The Essential Jesus, p. 89, 159
John Dominic Crossan, “Kingdom and Riches,” The Historical Jesus, p. 274-276
Andrew Greeley, “Hanging by a Thread,” When Life Hurts, p. 147-149
Thomas R. Haney, Today’s Spirituality, p. 183
Hans Holbein, “Thoufool,” Scripture Art: Luke 12×16-21
Joachim Jeremias,”The Closed Door,” Rediscovering the Parables, p. 129 f.
John Shea, “All I Want is What is Mine,” An Experience Named Spirit, p. 126-131
Geza Vermes, The Changing Faces of Jesus, p. 219 f.
The Changing Faces of Jesus
For if the Kingdom of God was already there and its glorious manifestation was due any moment, it would have been nonsensical to be concerned with matters of this age whose time would soon run out. Such a perspective has no room for the idea of an organized society, a church, destined to last until heaven and earth pass away in a far distant age to come. Those who find such an assessment of the world-view of Jesus difficult to swallow need only reread his parable of the wealthy landowner. This man, expecting a particularly rich harvest, launched himself into a detailed process of forward planning. He would demolish his old barns and construct new ones with greatly increased capacity, only to discover that he, like the present era, had no tomorrow.
Gahan Wilson, “Cartoon,” The New Yorker (October 2, 2000), p.120
19-20 James 5:1-3; Sirach 11:19
13-15 John Dominic Crossan, The Essential Jesus, p. 91, 160
13-15 John Dominic Crossan, “Against the Patriarchal Family,” The Historical Jesus, p. 300 f.
20 Martin Luther King, Jr., “The Man Who Was A Fool,” Strength to Love, p. 67-75
13 One of the multitude said to him, “Teacher, bid my brother divide the inheritance with me.” 14 But he said to him, “Man, who made me a judge or divider over you?” 15 And he said to them, “Take heed, and beware of all covetousness; for a man’s life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions.” 16 And he told them a parable, saying, “The land of a rich man brought forth plentifully; 17 and he thought to himself, ‘What shall I do, for I have nowhere to store my crops?’ 18 And he said, ‘I will do this: I will pull down my barns, and build larger ones; and there I will store all my grain and my goods. 19 And I will say to my soul, Soul, you have ample goods laid up for many years; take your ease, eat, drink, be merry.’ 20 But God said to him, ‘Fool! This night your soul is required of you; and the things you have prepared, whose will they be?’ 21 So is he who lays up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God.”
12:13 ειπεν δε τις αυτω εκ του οχλου διδασκαλε ειπε τω αδελφω μου μερισασθαι μετ εμου την κληρονομιαν 12:14 ο δε ειπεν αυτω ανθρωπε τις με κατεστησεν δικαστην η μεριστην εφ υμας 12:15 ειπεν δε προς αυτους ορατε και φυλασσεσθε απο της πλεονεξιας οτι ουκ εν τω περισσευειν τινι η ζωη αυτω εστιν εκ των υπαρχοντων αυτου 12:16 ειπεν δε παραβολην προς αυτους λεγων ανθρωπου τινος πλουσιου ευφορησεν η χωρα 12:17 και διελογιζετο εν εαυτω λεγων τι ποιησω οτι ουκ εχω που συναξω τους καρπους μου 12:18 και ειπεν τουτο ποιησω καθελω μου τας αποθηκας και μειζονας οικοδομησω και συναξω εκει παντα τα γενηματα μου και τα αγαθα μου 12:19 και ερω τη ψυχη μου ψυχη εχεις πολλα αγαθα κειμενα εις ετη πολλα αναπαυου φαγε πιε ευφραινου 12:20 ειπεν δε αυτω ο θεος βταυτη τη νυκτι την ψυχην σου απαιτουσιν απο σου α δε ητοιμασας τινι εσται 12:21 ουτως ο θησαυριζων εαυτω και μη εις θεον πλουτων
J. Barrie Shepherd, “Providence,” Seeing with the Soul, p. 88-92
32-34 J. Barrie Shepherd, “Treasure,” Seeing with the Soul, p. 93-97
32 Anne Ramirez, “The Welcoming Host,” Weavings (March/April 1995), p. 30-32 [commentary on “Love” by George Herbert]
33 John Dominic Crossan, “Kingdom and Riches,” The Historical Jesus, p. 274-276
22 And he said to his disciples, “Therefore I tell you, do not be anxious about your life, what you shall eat, nor about your body, what you shall put on. 23 For life is more than food, and the body more than clothing. 24 Consider the ravens: they neither sow nor reap, they have neither storehouse nor barn, and yet God feeds them. Of how much more value are you than the birds! 25 And which of you by being anxious can add a cubit to his span of life? 26 If then you are not able to do as small a thing as that, why are you anxious about the rest? 27 Consider the lilies, how they grow; they neither toil nor spin; yet I tell you, even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. 28 But if God so clothes the grass which is alive in the field today and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, how much more will he clothe you, O men of little faith! 29 And do not seek what you are to eat and what you are to drink, nor be of anxious mind. 30 For all the nations of the world seek these things; and your Father knows that you need them. 31 Instead, seek his kingdom, and these things shall be yours as well.
32 “Fear not, little flock, for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom. 33 Sell your possessions, and give alms; provide yourselves with purses that do not grow old, with a treasure in the heavens that does not fail, where no thief approaches and no moth destroys. 34 For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
12:22 ειπεν δε προς τους μαθητας αυτου δια τουτο υμιν λεγω μη μεριμνατε τη ψυχη υμων τι φαγητε μηδε τω σωματι τι ενδυσησθε 12:23 η ψυχη πλειον εστιν της τροφης και το σωμα του ενδυματος 12:24 κατανοησατε τους κορακας οτι ου σπειρουσιν ουδε θεριζουσιν οις ουκ εστιν ταμειον ουδε αποθηκη και ο θεος τρεφει αυτους ποσω μαλλον υμεις διαφερετε των πετεινων 12:25 τις δε εξ υμων μεριμνων δυναται προσθειναι επι την ηλικιαν αυτου πηχυν ενα 12:26 ει ουν ουτε ελαχιστον δυνασθε τι περι των λοιπων μεριμνατε 12:27 κατανοησατε τα κρινα πως αυξανει ου κοπια ουδε νηθει λεγω δε υμιν ουδε σολομων εν παση τη δοξη αυτου περιεβαλετο ως εν τουτων 12:28 ει δε τον χορτον εν τω αγρω σημερον οντα και αυριον εις κλιβανον βαλλομενον ο θεος ουτως αμφιεννυσιν ποσω μαλλον υμας ολιγοπιστοι 12:29 και υμεις μη ζητειτε τι φαγητε η τι πιητε και μη μετεωριζεσθε 12:30 ταυτα γαρ παντα τα εθνη του κοσμου επιζητει υμων δε ο πατηρ οιδεν οτι χρηζετε τουτων 12:31 πλην ζητειτε την βασιλειαν του θεου και ταυτα παντα προστεθησεται υμιν
12:32 μη φοβου το μικρον ποιμνιον οτι ευδοκησεν ο πατηρ υμων δουναι υμιν την βασιλειαν 12:33 πωλησατε τα υπαρχοντα υμων και δοτε ελεημοσυνην ποιησατε εαυτοις βαλαντια μη παλαιουμενα θησαυρον ανεκλειπτον εν τοις ουρανοις οπου κλεπτης ουκ εγγιζει ουδε σης διαφθειρει 12:34 οπου γαρ εστιν ο θησαυρος υμων εκει και η καρδια υμων εσται
35 Matthew 25:1-13
36 Mark 13:34-36
39-40 Matthew 24:43-44
35-40 Theresa of Avila, “For the Veiling of Sister Isabel De Los Angeles,” Divine Inspiration, p. 269
35-38 John Dominic Crossan, “Parables of Action,” In Parables, p. 98 f.
35-38 John Dominic Crossan, “The Unknown Time,” The Historical Jesus, p. 253-255
39-40 Joachim Jeremias,”The Burglar,” Rediscovering the Parables, p. 37 ff.
39 Elton Trueblood, The Humor of Christ, p. 18
41-48 J. Barrie Shepherd, “Stewarding,” Seeing with the Soul, p. 98-102
42-46 John Dominic Crossan, “Parables of Action,” In Parables, p. 99 f.
35 “Let your loins be girded and your lamps burning, 36 and be like men who are waiting for their master to come home from the marriage feast, so that they may open to him at once when he comes and knocks. 37 Blessed are those servants whom the master finds awake when he comes; truly, I say to you, he will gird himself and have them sit at table, and he will come and serve them. 38 If he comes in the second watch, or in the third, and finds them so, blessed are those servants!
39 But know this, that if the householder had known at what hour the thief was coming, he would not have left his house to be broken into. 40 You also must be ready; for the Son of man is coming at an unexpected hour.”
41 Peter said, “Lord, are you telling this parable for us or for all?” 42 And the Lord said, “Who then is the faithful and wise steward, whom his master will set over his household, to give them their portion of food at the proper time? 43 Blessed is that servant whom his master when he comes will find so doing. 44 Truly, I say to you, he will set him over all his possessions. 45 But if that servant says to himself, ‘My master is delayed in coming,’ and begins to beat the menservants and the maidservants, and to eat and drink and get drunk, 46 the master of that servant will come on a day when he does not expect him and at an hour he does not know, and will punish him, and put him with the unfaithful. 47 And that servant who knew his master’s will, but did not make ready or act according to his will, shall receive a severe beating. 48 But he who did not know, and did what deserved a beating, shall receive a light beating. Every one to whom much is given, of him will much be required; and of him to whom men commit much they will demand the more.
12:35 εστωσαν υμων αι οσφυες περιεζωσμεναι και οι λυχνοι καιομενοι 12:36 και υμεις ομοιοι ανθρωποις προσδεχομενοις τον κυριον εαυτων ποτε αναλυση εκ των γαμων ινα ελθοντος και κρουσαντος ευθεως ανοιξωσιν αυτω 12:37 μακαριοι οι δουλοι εκεινοι ους ελθων ο κυριος ευρησει γρηγορουντας αμην λεγω υμιν οτι περιζωσεται και ανακλινει αυτους και παρελθων διακονησει αυτοις 12:38 και εαν ελθη εν τη δευτερα φυλακη και εν τη τριτη φυλακη ελθη και ευρη ουτως μακαριοι εισιν οι δουλοι εκεινοι
12:39 τουτο δε γινωσκετε οτι ει ηδει ο οικοδεσποτης ποια ωρα ο κλεπτης ερχεται εγρηγορησεν αν και ουκ αν αφηκεν διορυγηναι τον οικον αυτου 12:40 και υμεις ουν γινεσθε ετοιμοι οτι η ωρα ου δοκειτε ο υιος του ανθρωπου ερχεται
12:41 ειπεν δε αυτω ο πετρος κυριε προς ημας την παραβολην ταυτην λεγεις η και προς παντας 12:42 ειπεν δε ο κυριος τις αρα εστιν ο πιστος οικονομος και φρονιμος ον καταστησει ο κυριος επι της θεραπειας αυτου του διδοναι εν καιρω το σιτομετριον 12:43 μακαριος ο δουλος εκεινος ον ελθων ο κυριος αυτου ευρησει ποιουντα ουτως 12:44 αληθως λεγω υμιν οτι επι πασιν τοις υπαρχουσιν αυτου καταστησει αυτον 12:45 εαν δε ειπη ο δουλος εκεινος εν τη καρδια αυτου χρονιζει ο κυριος μου ερχεσθαι και αρξηται τυπτειν τους παιδας και τας παιδισκας εσθιειν τε και πινειν και μεθυσκεσθαι 12:46 ηξει ο κυριος του δουλου εκεινου εν ημερα η ου προσδοκα και εν ωρα η ου γινωσκει και διχοτομησει αυτον και το μερος αυτου μετα των απιστων θησει 12:47 εκεινος δε ο δουλος ο γνους το θελημα του κυριου εαυτου και μη ετοιμασας μηδε ποιησας προς το θελημα αυτου δαρησεται πολλας 12:48 ο δε μη γνους ποιησας δε αξια πληγων δαρησεται ολιγας παντι δε ω εδοθη πολυ πολυ ζητηθησεται παρ αυτου και ω παρεθεντο πολυ περισσοτερον αιτησουσιν αυτον
John Howard Yoder, “The Cost of Discipleship,” The Politics of Jesus, p. 43
50 Mark 10:38
53 Micah 7:6
49 John Dominic Crossan, The Essential Jesus, p. 68, 156
49 Miguel de Unamuno, “Fire,” Divine Inspiration, p. 326
51-53 Dom Helder Camara, Through the Gospel, p. 108
51-53 John Dominic Crossan, “Against the Patriarchal Family,” The Historical Jesus, p. 300 f.
“Against the Patriarchal Family”
51-53 John Dominic Crossan and Jonathan L. Reed, Excavating Jesus, p. 165
51-52 Francis Patrick Sullivan, “Fighting for Life,” A Time To Sow, p. 166
51 Oscar Romero, The Violence of Love, p. 11
49 “I came to cast fire upon the earth; and would that it were already kindled! 50 I have a baptism to be baptized with; and how I am constrained until it is accomplished! 51 Do you think that I have come to give peace on earth? No, I tell you, but rather division; 52 for henceforth in one house there will be five divided, three against two and two against three; 53 they will be divided, father against son and son against father, mother against daughter and daughter against her mother, mother-in-law against her daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.”
12:49 πυρ ηλθον βαλειν εις την γην και τι θελω ει ηδη ανηφθη 12:50 βαπτισμα δε εχω βαπτισθηναι και πως συνεχομαι εως ου τελεσθη 12:51 δοκειτε οτι ειρηνην παρεγενομην δουναι εν τη γη ουχι λεγω υμιν αλλ η διαμερισμον 12:52 εσονται γαρ απο του νυν πεντε εν οικω ενι διαμεμερισμενοι τρεις επι δυσιν και δυο επι τρισιν 12:53 διαμερισθησεται πατηρ επι υιω και υιος επι πατρι μητηρ επι θυγατρι και θυγατηρ επι μητρι πενθερα επι την νυμφην αυτης και νυμφη επι την πενθεραν αυτης
J. Barrie Shepherd, “Signs,” Seeing with the Soul, p. 103-107
54 He also said to the multitudes, “When you see a cloud rising in the west, you say at once, ‘A shower is coming’; and so it happens. 55 And when you see the south wind blowing, you say, ‘There will be scorching heat’; and it happens. 56 You hypocrites! You know how to interpret the appearance of earth and sky; but why do you not know how to interpret the present time?
12:54 ελεγεν δε και τοις οχλοις οταν ιδητε την νεφελην ανατελλουσαν απο δυσμων ευθεως λεγετε ομβρος ερχεται και γινεται ουτως 12:55 και οταν νοτον πνεοντα λεγετε οτι καυσων εσται και γινεται 12:56 υποκριται το προσωπον αβαβαβτου ουρανου οιδατε δοκιμαζειν τον δε καιρον τουτον πως ου δοκιμαζετε
57 “And why do you not judge for yourselves what is right? 58 As you go with your accuser before the magistrate, make an effort to settle with him on the way, lest he drag you to the judge, and the judge hand you over to the officer, and the officer put you in prison. 59 I tell you, you will never get out till you have paid the very last copper.”
12:57 τι δε και αφ εαυτων ου κρινετε το δικαιον 12:58 ως γαρ υπαγεις μετα του αντιδικου σου επ αρχοντα εν τη οδω δος εργασιαν απηλλαχθαι απ αυτου μηποτε κατασυρη σε προς τον κριτην και ο κριτης σε παραδω τω πρακτορι και ο πρακτωρ σε βαλη εις φυλακην 12:59 λεγω σοι ου μη εξελθης εκειθεν εως ου και τον εσχατον λεπτον αποδως